1. Mac Grape Open Firmware User Manual Download
2. Mac Grape Open Firmware User Manual 2017

Open Firmware, or OpenBoot in Sun Microsystems parlance, is a standard defining the interfaces of a computer firmware system, formerly endorsed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). It originated at Sun, and has been used by Sun, Apple, IBM, ARM^[1] and most other non-x86PCIchipset vendors. Open Firmware allows the system to load platform-independent drivers directly from the PCI card, improving compatibility.

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Open Firmware may be accessed through its Forth languageshell interface. It achieves essentially the same functionality as the later EFI standard initiated at Intel, with lower overhead^{[citation needed]}.

• Page 17 Logging In to Mac OS X Mac OS X is set up to log in automatically using the user account that you Make sure you are typing the user account name and password with created when you set up Mac OS X. If automatic login is turned off, you the same capitalization and punctuation that you used originally.
• Open Firmware Quick Reference Table of Contents Syntax. Command names can include punctuation characters, so all commands must be separated by spaces. Commands are executed left-to-right after a carriage-return is typed. Hex numbers are pushed onto a stack. A stack diagram such as (n1 n2 - n3) or (adr len -) or (-) shows a command's stack effect.

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Open Firmware is described by IEEE standard IEEE 1275-1994, which was not reaffirmed by the Open Firmware Working Group (OFWG) since 1998 and has therefore been officially withdrawn by IEEE.

Several commercial implementations of Open Firmware have been released to the Open Source community in 2006, including Sun OpenBoot, Firmworks OpenFirmware and Codegen SmartFirmware. The source code is available from the OpenBIOS project. Sun's implementation is available under a BSD license.^[2]

Advantages[edit]

Open Firmware Forth Code may be compiled into FCode, a bytecode which is independent of computer architecture details such as the instruction set and memory hierarchy. A PCI card may include a program, compiled to FCode, which runs on any Open Firmware system. In this way, it can provide platform-independent boot-time diagnostics, configuration code, and device drivers. FCode is also very compact, so that a disk driver may require only one or two kilobytes. Therefore, many of the same I/O cards can be used on Sun systems and Macintoshes that used Open Firmware. FCode implements ANS Forth and a subset of the Open Firmware library.

Open Firmware furthermore defines a standard way to describe the hardware of a system. This helps the operating system to better understand its host computer, relying less on user configuration and hardware polling.For example, Open Firmware is essential for reliably identifying slave I²C devices like temperature sensors for hardware monitoring,^[3]:§5.1 whereas the alternative solution of performing a blind probe of the I²C bus, as has to be done by software like lm_sensors on generic hardware, is known to result in serious hardware issues under certain circumstances.^[3]:§5.2

Being based upon an interactive programming language, Open Firmware can be used to efficiently test and bring up new hardware. It allows drivers to be written and tested interactively. Operational video and mouse drivers are the only prerequisite for a graphical interface suitable for end-user diagnostics. Apple shipped such a diagnostic 'operating system' in many Power Macintoshes. Sun also shipped an FCode-based diagnostic tool suite called OpenBoot Diagnostics (OBDiag) used by customer service support and hardware manufacturing teams^[4]

Access[edit]

On Sun SPARC systems, the Open Firmware interface is displayed on the console terminal before the bootstrapping of the system software. If a keyboard is connected, the main video display will be used as the console terminal and Open Firmware can be re-entered at any time by pressing Stop-A (L1-A) on the keyboard. If no keyboard is connected, then the first serial line on the system is usually used as the console and Open Firmware is re-entered by sending a 'Break' on the serial line. While the system software is running, various Open Firmware settings can be read or written using the eeprom command.

On a PowerPC-based Macintosh, the Open Firmware interface can be accessed by pressing the keys ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Option+O+F at startup (⊞ Win+Alt+O+F if using standard PC USB keyboard). Intel-based Macintoshes do not use Open Firmware; they use Extensible Firmware Interface, following Apple's transition to Intel processors. Also, early versions (before the PowerBook 3400) connect Open Firmware's input and output to the Modem port by default.^{[citation needed]} This functionality is generally only used by developers or troubleshooting I.T. personnel; for common users, the Mac OS X operating system provides a high level graphical user interface to change commonly used Open Firmware settings. For instance, it is possible to specify the boot disk or partition without directly using the Open Firmware interface, but with some limitations (e.g. it is not possible to select boot from USB mass-storage devices, but Open Firmware allows iMac to boot using boot ud:,:tbxi command). Other Open Firmware settings can be changed using the nvram command while the system software is running.^[5]

On Pegasos, the interface is accessed by pressing Esc at startup.

On IBM Power Systems, Open Firmware ('ok' prompt) can be accessed through the SMS Boot Menu. SMS Boot Menu can be accessed by pressing 1 or F1 during the boot sequence, after hardware checking, and just before the OS boot.

On the OLPC XO-1 laptop, Open Firmware access requires a developer key, that can be obtained after registration with OLPC. After installing the key, upon each power-on, the boot countdown can be interrupted with Esc (the upper left key) to get to the Forth prompt.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^Building Open Firmware for ARM
2. ^'OpenBIOS'. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
3. ^ ^abConstantine A. Murenin (21 May 2010). '5.1. Open Firmware and I²C'. OpenBSD Hardware Sensors — Environmental Monitoring and Fan Control (MMath thesis). University of Waterloo: UWSpace. hdl:10012/5234. Document ID: ab71498b6b1a60ff817b29d56997a418.
4. ^https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19088-01/250.srvr/805-3389-11/6j37qsqsj/index.html
5. ^Apple's Transition from Open Firmware to Extensible Firmware Interface, mactech, 2007.

External links[edit]

• OPEN FIRMWARE HOME PAGE (via Internet Archive)
• Boot Process on IBM POWER (via Internet Archive)
• Aurora SPARC Linux OBP reference guide (via Internet Archive)

• TinyBoot aka Tiny Open Firmware: an embeddable OpenFirmware-like system for small CPUs (via Internet Archive)

To protect the data on your Mac, you can set a user account password (login password) to prevent unauthorized users from logging in to your user account. You can also encrypt your startup disk using FileVault, so that only users who can log in to your Mac can read the data on that disk.

For even more protection, you can set a firmware password. A firmware password prevents users who don't have the password from starting up from any disk other than the designated startup disk. As a result, it prevents using some startup key combinations.

The following steps apply to OS X Mountain Lion or later.

How to turn on a firmware password

1. Start up from macOS Recovery: Press and hold Command (⌘)-R immediately after turning on your Mac, and release the keys when you see the Apple logo or a spinning globe.
2. When the utilities window appears, click Utilities in the menu bar, then choose Firmware Password Utility or Startup Security Utility. This utility is available only on Mac models that support use of a firmware password.
3. Click Turn On Firmware Password.
4. Enter a firmware password in the fields provided, then click Set Password. Remember this password.
5. Quit the utility, then choose Apple () menu > Restart.

Your Mac asks for the firmware password only when attempting to start up from a storage device other than the one selected in Startup Disk preferences, or when starting up from macOS Recovery. Enter the firmware password when you see the lock icon and password field:

How to turn off a firmware password

1. Start up from macOS Recovery: Press and hold Command (⌘)-R immediately after turning on your Mac, and release the keys when you see the lock icon and password field.
2. Enter the firmware password.
3. When the Utilities window appears, click Utilities in the menu bar, then choose Firmware Password Utility or Startup Security Utility.
   
4. Click Turn Off Firmware Password.
5. Enter the firmware password again when prompted.
6. Quit the utility, then choose Apple () menu > Restart.

How to set a passcode for one-time use

Mac Grape Open Firmware User Manual Download

You can also use the Lost Mode feature of Find My Mac to remotely lock your Mac with a passcode for one-time use. Your Mac receives the lock instruction from iCloud, restarts, and asks for the system lock PIN code you created. When you enter that passcode, the Mac starts up from your designated startup disk and disables the passcode.

Hold down Command and R at the same time right after you restart your Mac. Click on Utilities in the Menu Bar on your MacBook Pro. Mac manual restart. Keep holding down the keys until your Mac finishes loading and you see the macOS Utilities window. Turn on or restart your MacBook Pro.

Lost Mode works even while using a firmware password. Unlike the passcode set by Lost Mode, a firmware password remains on until you turn it off with Firmware Password Utility or Startup Security Utility.

If you forgot your firmware password

Mac Grape Open Firmware User Manual 2017

If you can't remember your firmware password or passcode, schedule an in-person service appointment with an Apple Store or Apple Authorized Service Provider. Bring your Mac to the appointment, and bring your original receipt or invoice as proof of purchase.